With vegetation management contracts on 20 large-scale, utility-grade solar sites in east Texas, it’s hard to believe that even JR Howard had doubts about his new venture just five years ago. Fortunately, his vision and his family’s hard work paid off.
Texas Solar Sheep now runs more than 10,000 ewes – with another 5,000 or more leased from other producers – year-round on sites that JR thinks of as stand-alone ranches. Each site has everything it needs to handle the company’s hybrid grazing model: two or three dedicated employees, sheep, livestock guardian dogs, mowers, sprayers and livestock-handling equipment. But that wasn’t always the case.
“We started with about 500 sheep running on one portion of a site in a six-month pilot project,” JR recalled. “About three months in, the company said it was working better than they thought and we could take over the whole site.”
But that’s where the progress came to a stop. The family – wife, Kellye, and sons, Hunter and Carter – didn’t pick up a second site until 18 months later as JR ran into skeptical solar company executives at every turn.
“I tried to get as many people as I could to come to the first site and take a look at it to get an idea of what was going on there,” he said. “It was tough to get buy-in. At the time, I would say that sheep weren’t really accepted at 95 percent of these sites. It just wasn’t an accepted practice at that point. But then we got a second one, and a third one, and it kind of snowballed from there.
“That might have been a blessing. Over that 18 months, we figured out a lot. When we finally got that second site, we had a better idea of what we were doing, and we were more efficient. It was good training for us.”
Originally from west Texas, JR’s idea of renewable energy was windmills. His vision for the future came only after Texas sheep producer Ely Valdez introduced him to the concept of solar grazing and convinced him that sheep had a place in the solar boom.
“Sheep were a hobby for us,” JR said. “We didn’t have access to the kind of land you needed to run a bunch of sheep in west Texas. My wife and I had town jobs, but we liked having sheep around. Ely told me about the American Solar Grazing Association early on and we were able to access some of their content. But it was nothing like it is now. Like a lot of people who were getting into it back then, we really had to start at zero and go from there.
“I realized that a lot of what would happen going forward was going to depend on how well we did,” JR said. “We could have really screwed this up, or we could do it right and get these companies to accept that sheep are the way to go. I wouldn’t say solar grazing is the standard yet, but we’re getting a lot closer to having all of these companies really accept what we can do for them.”
GRAZING AS A BUSINESS
The term solar grazing can be a bit misleading from the outside looking in, JR says. Large-scale solar companies want one contractor to handle all of their vegetation management needs, which might entail a combination of mowing, spraying weeds and grazing. Sheep producers looking to get into the industry must decide how to handle all of that. They can subcontract with a mowing company or find a mowing company that wants to subcontract the grazing aspect. Another option is to partner with an existing solar grazer who needs additional sheep to fulfill his contracts.
“I work with some producers who don’t want to deal with the mowing and spraying, at least initially,” JR said. “So, they come into one of my sites and run their sheep and I don’t have to worry about the sheep on that site. I just handle everything else. Or, we can lease their sheep and we can manage them and just send a check every month.”
Two things the solar grazing industry is in desperate need of right now are more sheep and more producers who understand that solar grazing is a service industry. Grazers such as JR – who partner with other sheep producers – allow those novice grazers to get their foot in the door and learn the industry first-hand.
“I could be greedy and think that I’m going to do it all myself,” JR said. “But they’re building so much new solar that one person can’t handle it all. We turned down more work than we took on last year, and we’ll probably do the same this year. We need more good, qualified people in this industry.”
Sheep producers looking to make the leap need to understand the change in mindset, however. Solar grazing is a service industry and might require you to manage your flock differently than you would if they were simply running on pastures or public lands.
“When we do schools on solar grazing, I want to put it all on the table and show producers everything that’s involved and everything you to need to know to work in this industry,” JR said. “That way, people can leave knowing if it’s something they want to do. Maybe they don’t want to do it, but they can partner with someone who does and needs their sheep. We can all work together to make this work. Being in the service industry isn’t for everyone. It’s not easy sometimes. But there are opportunities for some good partnerships out there.”
As his operation has scaled up in the last five years, JR has hired more help than he ever could have imagined. Texas Solar Sheep started with the Howard family working hard on nights and weekends to manage that first site.
“I couldn’t have done it without them,” JR said. “They could have given up on me, but they didn’t. They still might not see all of the vision I have, but they’ve supported me through it all and been along for the whole ride.”
Now the Texas Solar Sheep crew consists of roughly 40 full-time employees and another 12 to 15 seasonal hands in the summer. College kids and teachers on summer break fill most of those roles.
“It’s just like a farm and ranch job, just on a solar site,” JR said. “They might be checking sheep in the morning, mowing in the afternoon and spraying weeds the next day. In the wintertime, we are building lots of electric fence and other things that aren’t so much vegetation management. It’s not very often they do the exact same thing from one day to the next. Most of our people live within 20 minutes of the site they work on. We like to hire local people because they get to know the O&M (operations and maintenance) guys on the site. They’re friends and know how to work together. Then everyone is on the same page.”
The addition of employees and more sites has pushed JR into more of a management role, which has been an adjustment from those early days. He’s found it difficult to be less hands-on, even checking almost hourly on a crew working sheep while he was on vacation.
“I’m getting better,” he claimed. “But I’m not there yet. If you get too detached, you’re not in tune with what your team needs to do their job more efficiently. I don’t think I’ll ever be too detached from running out here and jumping on a tractor or whatever else might need to be done. I probably do more with the sheep than I should. But that’s the part I enjoy the most. It’s hard to give that up.”
THE RIGHT SHEEP
Bringing full-bred Dorpers from the San Angelo, Texas, area taught JR a thing or two about the type of sheep he needs to run on solar fields east of Dallas. While Dorpers are generally good grazers, they didn’t bring the parasite resistance he needed in an area that gets around 50 inches of rain a year. That’s two to three times what they were used to out west.
Researchers at Texas A&M AgriLife introduced JR to the National Sheep Improvement Program and the merits of Estimated Breeding Values. He started buying rams with NSIP data for parasite resistance and crossbreeding with White Dorpers and Katahdins to develop the type of sheep he needed to thrive in a wet, humid climate.
“Basically, we started with sheep that we really had to manage and now we’ve developed sheep that we don’t have to manage, if that makes sense,” JR said. “Parasite resistance is a big thing for us. Our survivability rates have gone way up in the last two years just because we’re breeding the right kind of sheep.
“There’s a balance there. We can’t go all in on parasite resistance, so we do look for balanced numbers on NSIP. We want to balance a good, quality carcass to sell with parasite resistance. There’s some push and pull on that, but you can come out somewhere in the middle.”
Not that selling lambs is a primary concern for Texas Solar Sheep. The company needs all of the sheep it can get at this point, so all of the ewe lambs are kept back and find homes on solar sites after weaning. The ram lambs usually go to the sale barn. Usually.
“We got short on sheep last year and even kept a bunch of those ram lambs and ran them all the way until January, when we sold them at 105 to 110 pounds. That’s not typical, but we were short on mouths. It worked out pretty well for us, we just had to manage them a little differently keeping them around that long. Usually, when they get to 65 or 70 pounds, they’re gone.”
With new sites on the horizon, JR is still in search of more sheep. He’ll wean 2,000 or more ewe lambs this year and not a single one will leave the operation. He’s looking to buy another 2,000-3,000 head between now and the fall, if he can find ewes that fit his program. The goal is to not only fulfill his contracts, but to develop a significant breeding program that can produce a large amount of replacement ewes for others grazing solar sites in wet areas.
“I think if you look at where the increases in sheep demand are in the industry, it’s all areas like this that are tougher to manage from the parasite side,” JR said. “Once we turn the corner and have enough of our own ewes, we want to be able to offer these lambs to other people who need them like we do.”
OPPORTUNITIES ABOUND
In addition to getting paid to graze his sheep, JR has started an extensive haying program at many of the solar sites. Last year, he cut more than 1,000 bales on solar sites and plans to double or triple that amount in 2025. Some of it goes to feed his sheep in the winter. Some gets sold to area livestock producers. In at least one instance, he allowed a local hay producer to cut it for him and take the hay for free.
“They did all the work and made all the profit, but it meant less work for me,” JR said. “Partnerships like that are good for everyone.”
And so is solar grazing.
“I still think solar is the best opportunity in my lifetime for the sheep industry, especially to expand in areas we’re not in now or haven’t been in for decades,” JR said. “There’s a lot of opportunity for acres, and especially acres that are less impacted by drought than places in the west. There hasn’t been a better opportunity for widespread growth in the sheep industry than what we’re doing right here. We need to capitalize where we can and do it right, and we’ll have this opportunity for a long time to come.”